ANTIBIOTIC INJECTABLES
A) Penicillins
Class: Bactericidal
Mechanism: Cell wall inhibition
Indications: infections caused by any Gram-Positive Bacteria and penicillin-sensitive organism: Skin Infections, Bacterial pneumonia, URT, Strangles, Blackleg, and Urinary tract infections (at higher Doses).
Synergism: Aminoglycosides
Antagonists: Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, and Paromomycin.
Notes: It can cause Allergy, vomiting, diarrhea (or Enteritis if administered orally). Adrenaline must be used at once if severe respiratory distress is there.
1. Procaine Penicillin + Benzyl Penicillin
Narrow Spectrum Penicillins
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Penicon | 30 lac + 10 lac | 10 ml | Vetcon Ph. | LA=1ml/50kg SA=1ml/25kg |
Nawapen | 30 lac + 10 lac | 10ml | Nawan | Same as above |
Penicill – 40 | 30 lac + 10 lac | 25ml | Star | Same as above |
2. Procaine Penicillin + Dihydro-streptomycin sulfate
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Penstrep | 200mg + 250mg | 50 ,100ml | Nawan |
3. penicillinG + Penicillin G Procaine + Dihydro-streptomycin Sulphate
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Penivet Forte | 10 lac+ 30 lac + 5gm | 50ml | Star | 7.5ml/ 100kg |
4. Procaine penicillin + Benzyl penicillin +Streptomycin
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Polybiotic | 15 lac + 5 lac/5g | 5 gm | PDH | SA=1gm/animal LA=5gm/animal |
Penbiotic | 15 lac+ 5 lac /5 gm | 5 gm | Nawan | Same as above |
Biocin | 15 lac+ 5 lac /5 gm | 5 gm | Vetcon | Same as above |
Penevit | 15 lac+ 5 lac /5 gm | 5 gm | Star | Same as above |
Cipicon | 15 lac+ 5 lac /5 gm | 5 gm | China | Same as above |
Synbiotic | 15 lac+ 5 lac | 1 gm | China | Same as above |
5. Amoxicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillins
Indications: Good Results in GIT and Skin diseases.
Antagonist: Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, and Cephaloridine.
Notes: From GI tract absorbed better than ampicillin
Horses: 11-22mg/kg IM Bid Ruminants: 11-22mg/kg IM Bid
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Clamoxyl LA 15% | 150 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Pfizer |
Farmox LA | 150 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Farvet |
Amoxivet | 150 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | ICI |
Novamox LA | 150 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Selmore PH |
Amoxy LA | 150 mg/ml | 50 ml | Selmore AG |
Amovet LA | 150 mg/ml | 50 ml | Nawan |
Betamox LA | 150 mg/ml | 50, 100 ml | Nawan |
Getmox LA | 150 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Zaidis Int. |
Amoxikak LA | 150 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Kakasian |
Vetymoxyl LA | 200 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Leads |
Almox LA | 150 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Star |
6. Ampicillin Trihydrate
Horses: 11-22mg/kg IM Bid Ruminants: 11-22mg/kg IM Bid
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Ampicillin – 20% | 200 mg/ml | 100ml | NB sons |
Ampikel | 200 mg/ml | 100ml | Well Ph. |
Brosicol | 200mg/ml | 10,50ml | Star |
7. Amoxicillin + Colistin
Penicillinase Protected Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Amoxycol – 10% | 100 mg + 250,000 IU/ml | 100 ml | Franklin UK | 1 ml/10 kg |
Colimoxin | 100 mg + 250,000 IU/ml | 50 100 ml | Selmore PH | Same as above |
Colimox | 100 mg + 250,000 IU/ml | 50 100 ml | Nawan | Same as above |
Amoxycon | 100 mg + 250,000 IU/ml | 100 ml | Kepro | Same as above |
1. Macrolide (Tylosin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin)
Class: Bacteriostatic, Narrow Spectrum
Mechanism: Binding to the 50S ribosomal RNA and inhibit translocation of the peptidyl tRNA
Indications: URT infections, mastitis, metritis, and foot rot caused by microorganisms susceptible to macrolides. Side effects: Include diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia in small animals after oral administration. IM injection is painful.
Notes: Can’t be used In Horses because it can cause fatal diarrhea.
1) Tylosin:
Ruminants: 10-20mg/kg (Avg. 15mg/kg All Macrolides)
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Fartylo | 200 mg/ml | 100 ml | Farvet |
Tylosel | 200 mg/ml | 50,100ml | Selmore PH |
Tylo – 20% | 200 mg/ml | 10, 50 100 ml | Ziadis Int. |
Tylosin – 20% | 200 mg/ml | 50,100ml | Grace |
Biotylo | 200 mg/ml | 100 ml | Biogain |
Tylosan | 200 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Sana |
Tylomac – 20% | 200 mg/ml | 50,100ml | Star |
C) Cephalosporins
Class: Bactericidal, Differ in Generations
Mechanism: Cell wall inhibition
Indications: Very effective for respiratory diseases, Skin diseases and most of the bacteria including beta-lactamase-producing strains. Also used in Urinary Tract infections, Soft tissues and bone.
Antagonists: Gentamycin
Precaution: Doses should be reduced in liver affected animals. Poorly absorbed from GIT.
N6tes: First generation has strongest response against G+ve Cocci, Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella than other generations. While 3rd Generation has good response against G-ve Bacilli.
First Generation
Narrow Spectrum only for G+ve
1. Cephradine:
Horses: Ruminants:
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Velosef | 250mg/500mg/1gm: | 5ml,10ml | Bristol M.S. |
Vericef susp. | 250mg/500mg/1gm: | 60ml,100ml | Indus |
2. Cephalexin
Horses: 10-30 mg/kg, PO, TID- QID Ruminants: 7mg/kg IM Sid
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Ceporex inj | 250mg/500mg | 5ml, 10ml | Indus |
Keflex syp. | 25 mg/ ml, 50mg/ ml | 60ml | Eli Lilly |
1. Ceftiofur Hydrochloride
Third generation
Broad Spectrum both for G+ve and G-ve
Side effects: Usually safe to use in animals. However allergic reaction can occur. Rare bleeding disorders have been reported from cephalosporins.
Horses: 2.2-5 mg/kg IV IM Ruminants: 1.1-2.2 mg/kg IM IV
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Excenel RTU | 50 mg/ml | 100 ml | Pfizer |
Cefur RTU | 50 mg/ml | 10, 50 100 ml | Nawan |
2. Cefotaxime Sodium
Antagonists: Gentamycin
Side effects: Usually safe to use in animals. But allergic reactions, vomiting and diarrhea may occur in some animals.
Horses: 20-30 mg/kg IV Ruminants:
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Excef | 250mg, 500mg,1gm | 5ml, 10ml | Indus |
Ceforin | 250mg,500mg,1gm | 10ml, 5ml | Nawan labs |
3. Ceftriaxone Sodium
Horses: 25-50mg/kg IM Ruminants:
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Oxidil | 250mg,500mg,1gm | 5ml,10ml | Sami |
Maxaf | 250mg,500mg,1gm | 5ml,10ml | Indus |
1. Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Kanamicin, Amikacin, Streptomycin, Neomycin)
Class: Bacteriocidal, Broad Spectrum
Mechanism: Irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosome
Indications: Infections caused by susceptible pathogens, cases of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, endometritis, and septicemias that are resistant to other antibiotics.
Antagonists: Amphotericin B, Cephalosporins produce nephrotoxicity.
Side effects: Intestinal flora may be disrupted, diarrhea may occur. Other includes intramuscular blockage (when used with anesthetic agents), nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (oto=ear)
Notes: These are used in all species.
1. Gentamycin
Horses: 3-6mg/kg BID IM Ruminants: 3-6mg/kg BID IM
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Genton | 100 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | ICI |
Gentasel – 10 | 100 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Selmore PH |
Medi G 10 | 100 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Medivet |
Gentasal 100 | 100 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Atzan |
Gentafar | 100 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Farvet |
Gentawan – 10 | 100 mg/ml | 100ml | Nawan |
Gentalin – 10 | 100 mg/ml | 50,100ml | Star |
Gentasal - 50 | 50 mg/ml | 100 ml | Atzan |
2. Gentamycin + Trimethoprim + Sulfonamide
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Genta plus | 30+125+25 mg/ml | 50,100ml | Leads Ph. | First Dose=30ml/50kg 2nd Dose=15ml/50kg |
3. Tylosin +Gentamycin
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Tylogent | 100 + 50 mg/ml | 50, 100ml | Eterna | LA=1ml/30kg SA=1ml/20kg |
4. Kanamycin
Notes: More good effects in Dogs cats. Excessive dose can effect in 8th Cranial Nerve.
Horses: 12-15mg/kg IM Ruminants: 12-15 mg/kg IM
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Kanasym | 100 mg/ml | 50,100ml | Symans |
Kanacon | 100 mg/ml | 50,100ml | Vetcon Ph. |
Kana Kak | 100 mg/ml | 50 ml | Trust Pharma |
Kanamycin | 100mg/ml | 10, 50ml | China |
Kanachron | 100 mg/ml | 10 50 ml | Star |
5. Kanmycine + Ampicillin + Prednisolone + Chlorpheniramine
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Kapcine | 100mg+200mg+10mg+4mg | 50, 100ml | Leads Ph. | LA=1ml/20kg SA=1ml/10kg |
1. Tetracyclines (Oxytetracycline,Doxycycline)
Class: Bacteriostatic, Broad Spectrum
Mechanism: Reversibly bind to the 30S ribosome
Indications: Infections caused by tetracycline-sensitive strains; anaplasmosis, often ineffective for endocarditis, empyema, meningitis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis.
Antagonists: Antacids, milk, diuretics, methoxyflurane, penicillins, ferrous sulfate.
Side effects: Causes nephrotoxicity when administered at high Recommended Doses, Calcium Chelation is the major side effect. Can affect growing bone and teeth formation (cause straining of teeth) in young animals and some hepatotoxicity may occur at large doses.
Notes: Multiple doses should not be given to horses INTRAVENOUSLY. Doxycycline is mostly used in Dogs for Babesiosis.
1. Oxytetracycline (Simple)
Horses: 5mg/Kg IV Ruminants: 5-10mg/kg IM or IV Foals/Calf= 10-20mg/kg P.O.
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Remoxin | 50 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | PDH |
Oxy S | 50 mg/ml | 50 ml | Selmore PH |
Nawacin 50 | 50 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Nawan |
Oxycon – 50 | 50 mg/ml | 50 ml | Vetcon Ph. |
Resomycin | 50mg/ml | 50ml | Star |
2. Oxytetracycline LA
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Oxtra LA | 200 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Fatro | 1 ml/10 kg |
Oxy LA | 200 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Selmore PH | Same as above |
Floxitetra LA | 200 mg/ml | 100 ml | Selmore AG | Same as above |
Nawacin LA | 200 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Nawan | Same as above |
Remacycline LA | 200 mg/ml | 100 ml | Marush | Same as above |
Rasomycine LA | 200 mg/ml | 50 ml | Star | Same as above |
3. Oxytetracycline PVD (Polyvinylpyrrolidone)
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Oxycare PVP | 100 mg/ml | 50 ml | Vetycare | 1 ml/20 kg |
Nawacin PVP | 100 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Nawan | 1 ml/20 kg |
Oxy PVP | 100 mg/ml | 50 100 ml | Selmore PH | 1 ml/20 kg |
Resomycine PVP | 100 mg/ml | 50 ml | Star | 1 ml/20 kg |
1. AMPHENICOLS (Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol)
Class: Bacteriostatic, Broad Spectrum
Mechanism: Bind to the 50S ribosome
Indications: Upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, enteritis, and bacterial conjunctivitis. Side effects: Cause multiple genetic effects i.e. Aplastic anemia, Bone marrow dysfunction, blood dyscrasias (imbalance of four body fluids i.e. blood, bile, lymph and phlegm).Notes: Amphenicol are very stable and should not be used in food-producing animals because residues remain secreted up to 28 days in meat, milk or eggs. They are getting banned for producing genetic effects.
1. Chloramphenicol
Horses: 50mg/kg IV for 4 hrs Ruminants: Don’t used in food-producing animals
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Chlorocare | 20 mg/ml | 50 ml | Vetycare | Ls= 25 ml Ms= 10 ml Ss= 3 ml |
Rexaphenicol | 20 mg/ml | 50 ml | SJ G | Same as above |
Chloramphenicol 20 | 20 mg/ml | 100 ml | Bremer | Same as above |
Chlorobiotic | 20 mg/ml | 50 ml | Star | Same as above |
2. Oxytetracycline + Chloramphenicol + Prednisolone + Lidocaine Notes:Antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Chlorotatrason | 5 g + 10 g + 500 mg + 1 g | 50 ml | Marial | 1 ml/10 kg |
Oxyclore-P | 5 g + 10 g + 500 mg + 1 g | 50 ml | Enterna | 1 ml/10 kg |
Oxypenisol | 5 g + 10 g + 500 mg + 1 g | 50 ml | Star | 1 ml/10 kg |
3. Florfenicol
Notes: Should not be used in calves and Heifers. Approved for P.hemolytica and P.multocida.
Horses: Don’t Used Ruminants: 20mg/kg IM repeated after 48 Hrs
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Naflor | 300 mg/ml | 10 50 ml | Nawan | 1 ml/15 kg |
Florofen | 300 mg/ml | 50 ml | Leads | 1 ml/15 kg |
1.SULPHONAMIDES:
Class: Bacteriostatic, Broad Spectrum
Mechanism: These antimicrobials are analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid and competitively inhibit the formation of dihydropteric acid.
Indications: Acute urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, wound infections, coccidiosis and foot rot.
Side Effects: Causes urticaria and crystal formation in renal tract.
Notes: Should not be used IM as they can cause sloughings. Most simple sulfonamides are mostly used in Ruminants and not in other spp. due to irritation.
1. Sulfadimidine Sodium(Sulfamethazine) Class: Sulfonamides
Ruminants: 50-220mg/kg P.O. or IV (Initial dose, subsequent doses should be half)
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company |
Sulfadine | 33.3% | 100 ml | PDH |
Dimadin | 33.3% | 100 400 ml | Nawan |
Demicon | 33.3 % | 100 500 ml | Vetcon |
Sulfadox | 33.3% | 100 500 ml | Zaidis Int. |
Sandine | 33.3% | 50,100ml | Sanna labs |
Sulfadimadine | 33.3 % (333mg) | 100 500 ml | Star |
2 .Tribrissen (Trimethoprim + Sulfadiazine) Class: PotentiatedSulfonamides
Indications: Very effective as compared to simple sulfa drugs.
Notes: Sulfadiazine, alone, is used in all species at the rate of 50mg/kg.
Trade name | Composition | Packing | Company | Recommended Dose |
Tribrissen | T=8% + S=40% | 10 50 ml | GSK | 1ml/15 kg |
Tribactral Inj. | T=8% + S=40% | 10 50 ml | Selmore PH | Same as Above |
Tryton | T=8% + S=40% | 10 50 ml | ICI | Same as Above |
Triben | T=8% + S=40% | 10 50 ml | Eterna | Same as Above |
Sulprim | T=8% + S=40% | 10 50 ml | Hilton | Same as Above |
Trimodin – 48 | T=8% + S=40% | 10,50, 100ml |
